One of the first written evidences of this process was the Rosetta Stone, where was found a recorded text on Egyptian, hieroglyph,demotic and Greek that served to deciphering hieroglyphics different of the period (196 A.C.).With the objective of contributing to scientific and technological progress.The right skills flourish best with proper infrastructure and good tools.
It killed off Latin, and created the first multilingual publishing industry. Asia to print the Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka. But the explosion of knowledge through printed translation started worrying 17th century Europeans. History Of Translation Theory Software Solutions ToIt promised software solutions to almost every translation automation problem. Translators could finally use machines to do the heavy lifting. This action starts from a situation which always already contains a source text as the primary action. In this paper I want to explain what the fundamental ideas are, how exactly this theory works and where some of its difficulties lie. Because of this universality Nida and Tabers theory of translation can be well compared to the functional translation theory as both consider function as a priority. Vermeer developed the functional translation theory in clear opposition to the traditional, linguistic translation theory, the paradigms of this new approach necessitating a new terminology (cf. ![]() Before, one spoke about source and target language, text, author, reader etc. Translation is seen as a process with what is translated as the product and the translator as the one who is acting (cf. Meta-rules, finally, show the terms on which the efficiency of a translation can be described (3). As partners of communication, producer ad receptor of a text are subject to a situation, and the situation is embedded into the context of a culture, of which language is part (cf. Stolze, 157). Rei and Vermeer base their theory on the idea that a translator has to start from a text that is given to him, to understand and interpret it and then formulate the receptor text. As the source text is an offer of information to the receptor from the producer in the source language, it is the translators task to formulate a translation that is an offer of information, too, in the receptor language (cf. The person (P) is a member of the society (G) and hisher behaviour is determined by the circumstances of time and place in which the person exists. These circumstances are: social circumstances (culture), outer circumstances (situation) and the inner, current disposition. In doing this P has a certain aim and he has to take Rs personal circumstances into account as he wants to make himself understood as completely as possible. In case R belongs to another society or culture than P, P needs the help of a person who knows both cultures, the translator. He has to decide what should be communicated and how it should be done to make sure that the intended information is established. That means that the translator is the decisive factor and himself the agent (cf. The text must be understood and it has to be interpreted in a certain situation. The translator has to be familiar with both cultures and he has to decide which parts of all the possible implications and interpretations he must take into consideration and which can be left out. What is translated is an offer of information in the receptor language and the receptor culture about an offer of information from the source language and the source culture. ![]() That would imply that because of the cultural difference there is necessarily a difference of situations, which means that the source message is changed into a new altered receptor message. According to this theory a scene is an image of the world in the mind of a person, which is dependent on the culture, situation and disposition of the individual (VermeerWitte 54 in Stolze 162). You may say that this frame is the expression of a scene, which again cannot be objective but depends on the circumstances of the transmission (cf. The translation is therefore seen as a special kind of interactive action.
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